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Sri Aurobindo (1872-1950) was an Indian nationalist, philosopher, yogi, and spiritual teacher who played a significant role in the Indian independence movement and later developed a spiritual philosophy that emphasized the evolution of human consciousness. Here are some key aspects of his life:
Early Life
- Birth and Education: Sri Aurobindo was born on August 15, 1872, in Kolkata (then Calcutta), India. He was educated in England, where he attended St. Paul's School and later King's College, Cambridge.
- Return to India: After completing his education, he returned to India in 1893 and began working in the Indian civil service.
Nationalist Activities
- Political Involvement: Sri Aurobindo became involved in the Indian nationalist movement, advocating for self-rule and opposing British colonial rule. He was associated with the extremist wing of the Indian National Congress.
- Bande Mataram: He was a prominent figure in the publication of the newspaper "Bande Mataram," which became a rallying point for the nationalist movement.
- Arrest and Imprisonment: In 1908, he was arrested for his involvement in revolutionary activities but was later acquitted. His experiences during this time deepened his spiritual quest.
Spiritual Awakening
- Retreat to Pondicherry: In 1910, Sri Aurobindo withdrew from political life and moved to Pondicherry, a French colony in India, where he focused on his spiritual practice and writings.
- Integral Yoga: He developed a spiritual philosophy known as Integral Yoga, which aimed at the transformation of human consciousness and the realization of the divine in life. His teachings emphasized the importance of spiritual evolution and the integration of various aspects of life.
Literary Contributions
- Writings: Sri Aurobindo wrote extensively on philosophy, spirituality, and poetry. His major works include "The Life Divine," "Savitri," and "The Synthesis of Yoga." "Savitri," an epic poem, is considered one of his masterpieces.
- Philosophical Ideas: His writings explore themes such as the nature of reality, the evolution of consciousness, and the role of the individual in the cosmic process.
Later Years and Legacy
- Auroville: In the 1960s, the Mother (Mirra Alfassa), a close collaborator of Sri Aurobindo, founded Auroville, an experimental township in Tamil Nadu based on his principles of human unity and spiritual living.
- Death: Sri Aurobindo passed away on December 5, 1950, in Pondicherry. His teachings continue to inspire spiritual seekers and thinkers around the world.
Influence
Sri Aurobindo's work has had a profound impact on modern Indian thought, spirituality, and the philosophy of yoga. His vision of a spiritually evolved humanity and a transformed society remains relevant in contemporary discussions on spirituality and social change.